Helicobacter pylori infection is the major cause of gastric cancer， and removal of H. pylori infection from a population could theoretically decrease the number of non-cardiac gastric cancer by about 89%. However， in the real-life settings， implementation of this strategy on the population level is rarely seen. This is mainly because of a poor understanding of the magnitude of benefit from H pylori eradication among diverse populations， who have different interaction between host genetic and bacterial virulent factors and thus harbor different levels of gastric cancer risk¹， the lack of an adequate infrastructure for delivery of systematic screening services to asymptomatic individuals²， and the lack of standardized treatment regimens based on the antibiotic resistance pattern， clinical efficacy， side effects， simplicity， duration， and cost.^3-5 Furthermore， the program must also be integrated into national healthcare priorities to allow the limited resources to be most effectively allocated.